Members screen and select new residents via their elected representatives (the co-op board). You may be familiar with many of the better-known differences between condos and co-ops: The building’s approval process, financial requirements, and rules are usually more stringent in a co-op, but co-ops generally cost less to purchase.
Co-ops comprise a much larger percentage of the city’s owned housing units–about 70 percent, though this number is steadily falling as many new condos come to market and virtually no new co-ops are being constructed. Co-ops have a history of being the upper-echelon choice in highly sought-after Manhattan neighborhoods like the Upper East Side and Upper West Side. If you’re looking for elegant old-world architectural details, know that many of the city’s classic pre-war buildings are co-ops–and the rare condo conversions of pre-war apartment buildings tend to be very expensive.
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If you’re a foreign buyer, hope to buy with a very low down payment, plan to use the unit as a pied-a-terre or rental investment, or hope to sell at a profit within a short time, you may find yourself frustrated in the co-op market.
Pros of Buying a Co-op
• Co-ops are usually cheaper to purchase than condos.
• There are more of them: Co-ops make up a much larger percentage of the city’s owned housing units (around 75 percent).
• There are many more pre-war co-ops available than condos.
• Co-ops have slightly lower closing costs; title insurance isn’t needed and there is no mortgage recording tax.
• A thorough vetting process and stricter financial requirements mean more financial stability, especially in market downturns.
• The vetting process and restrictions mean more owner-occupied units and less turnover, which can prevent problems like a revolving cast of renters, illegal Airbnb use, and other potential disruptions.
• A portion of monthly maintenance fees is tax-deductible.
• Co-op shareholders are also considered tenants of the co-op, which gives them legal protections under New York City landlord-tenant law.
Cons of Buying a Co-op
• The approval process and building rules are usually stricter in a co-op, and potential buyers can be rejected without having to provide a reason; condo boards can’t legally reject potential buyers.
• Co-ops generally require buyers to make a down payment of at least 20 percent of the purchase price, sometimes as much as 50 percent or more; some exclusive buildings don’t allow financing at all. Co-ops also have liquid asset requirements and may ask buyers to meet a debt-to-income ratio and have an excellent credit score.
• Stricter financial requirements mean you’ll be asked to share more personal financial information.
• Limits on subletting, purchasing for others, and pieds-a-terre mean co-ops are not a good choice for investment buyers who don’t plan to live in the building or who are looking for short-term ownership.
• Monthly maintenance fees are generally higher for co-ops than for condos, as a share of the property tax and possibly payment toward an underlying mortgage is included.
• The purchasing process generally takes longer.
• Most new developments (1980s and later) are condos; if new is what you're looking for, you’ll likely have to go condo.
• Co-ops are more difficult for foreign buyers to purchase as they often don’t have the necessary records from a U.S. bank, and co-ops do not allow anonymous purchasing by LLCs.